Tall BP minimizing having supplemental amounts from potassium regarding range off 1900 to help you 4700 milligrams/d (49–122 mmol/d) could have been reported to result in BP decline in around 2 to six mm hg getting diastolic BP and you will two to four mm hg for systolic BP. the fresh new large variability anywhere between overall performance reflects the newest variability noticed in more degree. likewise, the end result from potassium into the BP is actually influenced by pretreatment BP level; age; race; sex; comorbid standards; consumption out of sodium, magnesium, calcium supplements, or any other ions; diet; exercise; weight; style of potassium utilized; concomitant drugs; and you may time of play with. a summary of the fresh new conclusions of all meta-analyses on ramifications of potassium for the BP to date are considering from inside the Profile step three.
Report about meta-analyses off studies investigating the latest blood pressure levels-minimizing effects of potassium. 25–twenty-eight SBP implies systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood circulation pressure.
Regardless of if conflicting abilities concerning your results of potassium supplementation on BP was claimed inside clinical studies, 34, thirty-five newer examples have shown abilities consistent with regarding brand new meta-studies because of the Whelton and acquaintances 26 (Dining table II). Gu and you may colleagues thirty-six found that reasonable potassium supplements (sixty mmol KCl) drawn to have twelve months triggered a reduction in systolic BP, however diastolic BP, when you look at the a beneficial Chinese people. Also, Kawano and you can associates 37 noted you to a good cuatro-few days potassium supplements several months (during which 64 mmol/d from potassium obtained while the sluggish-discharge KCl) led to brief but extreme reductions in place of work, family, and you may 24-time BP into the Japanese folks. Braschi and you may associates 38 further checked-out the outcome away from reasonable-serving potassium supplements towards BP and discovered you to definitely twenty-four mmol/d out-of slow-discharge KCl given to possess 6 days resulted in high reductions within the indicate arterial tension and diastolic BP during the match volunteers.
Systems wherein Potassium Lowers BP
The fresh new homeostasis out-of salt and you will potassium plays an important role in endothelium-oriented vasodilatation. 39 Sodium storage reduces the synthesis out of nitric oxide, an arteriolar vasodilator elaborated by endothelial tissue, and you may boosts the plasma quantity of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, a keen endogenous inhibitor off nitric oxide manufacturing. 40 a diet high in potassium and additionally expands into the serum potassium, actually from inside the physiologic assortment, end up in endothelium-mainly based vasodilatation by the hyperpolarizing the endothelial mobile due to stimulation of sodium pump and you can starting potassium streams. 41 Simultaneously, most other suggested systems in which potassium can be dictate BP is natriuresis, modulation away from baroreceptor awareness, quicker vasoconstrictive awareness to help you norepinephrine and you will angiotensin II, increased solution and you will urinary kallikrein, increased salt/potassium At Pase pastime, modification from inside the DNA synthesis, and you can expansion in vascular smooth muscle and you can sympathetic nervous system structure. 42, 43
Weight reduction Advice to own Potassium
Maintaining an adequate intake of dietary potassium (>90 mmol [3500 mg]/d) has been recommended for the primary prevention of hypertension by Reseña de citas cougar the JNC 7.13 The Institute of Medicine has recommended a sodium intake <65 mmol/d (3.8 g/d) and an increase in potassium to 120 mmol/d. 44 In 2006, the American Heart Association issued new guidelines suggesting an increase in potassium intake to 120 mmol/d (4.7 g/d), which is the level provided in the DASH diets in which all food is supplied. 14 The Canadian Hypertension Society recommends that the daily dietary intake of potassium should be ?60 mmol, since this intake has been associated with a reduced risk of stroke-related mortality. 45, 46 The most recent European Society of Hypertension guidelines also support an increased potassium intake based on the DASH diet. 18 In addition, the 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement recommends a diet high in fruits and vegetables, a reduction of dietary sodium intake, and increased dietary potassium intake for reducing the incidence of hypertension. 16 Some sources of high-potassium, low-sodium foods are listed in Table III. 47
